Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Auditory input enhances somatosensory encoding and tactile goal-directed behavior

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24754-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a (Left) The maximum relative optical density of axonal projections from the auditory cortex (AuCx) within the forepaw primary somatosensory cortex (S1) ( n = 3 mice). (Right) Schematic of experimental design. In vivo two-photon Ca 2+ imaging was performed in the tuft dendrites of L2/3 pyramidal neurons previously injected with the genetic Ca 2+ indicator, GCaMP6f. Inset, two-photon image of tuft dendrites recorded 90 μm below pia. Inset scale, 10 μm. b Typical evoked Ca 2+ responses recorded in an example tuft dendrite during tactile (black), auditory (blue) and paired tactile and auditory (red) stimuli. Colored thick line, average response. c The amplitude of sensory-evoked Ca 2+ transients during tactile (black), auditory (blue) and paired tactile and auditory (red) stimuli (One-way ANOVA Friedman test, p < 0.0001; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, n = 110 dendrites, 11 mice; p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, p = 0.037). d The rate of sensory-evoked Ca 2+ transients during tactile (black), auditory (blue) and paired tactile and auditory (red) stimuli (One-way ANOVA Friedman test, p < 0.0001; Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, n = 110 dendrites, 11 mice; p < 0.0001, p = 0.191, p = 0.023). Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: When represented as normalized, all responses were normalised to the response to 200 Hz tactile-only stimulus. (Behavior) Only mice that reached 80% expert performance in the tactile-trials, and had <40% false alarms during Auditory-trials were included in the analysis. (Ca 2+ imaging) Custom-written MATLAB (MathWorks) software was used for analysis of Ca 2+ imaging data.

Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Injection

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Auditory input enhances somatosensory encoding and tactile goal-directed behavior

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24754-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Two-photon Ca 2+ imaging in the dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons. a Example field of view. Imaging depth, 40 μm below pia. Scale bar, 10 μm. b Ca 2+ transients from a tuft dendrite shown in ( a ) during tactile stimulus alone (black) and paired with auditory stimulus (AudTac, red). c The amplitude of Ca 2+ transients in L5 tuft dendrites during tactile stimulus alone (black; n = 112 dendrites, 4 mice; 27 trials av ) and paired with auditory stimulus (red; n = 106 dendrites, 4 mice; 24 trials av ; p = 0.794; p shuffled = 0.960; Mann–Whitney test). d Imaging depth, 300 μm below pia. e Same as ( b ) for L5 apical dendrites. f Same as ( c ) for L5 apical dendrites ( n = 44 dendrites, 4 mice; 26 trials av ; p = 0.755; p shuffled = 0.931; Mann–Whitney test). g Amplitude of all Ca 2+ transients in L5 apical (L5A; n = 43/32), L5 tuft (L5T; n = 100/109) and L2/3 tuft (L2/3 T; n = 143/130) dendrites during AudTac stimulus (red) and auditory stimulus (blue) normalized to the response to tactile stimulus. One-way ANOVA Friedman test, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0005. h Same as ( g ) for probability of evoked Ca 2+ transients. One-way ANOVA Friedman test, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001. i Schematic of experimental paradigm. Patch-clamp recordings were performed from L5 pyramidal neurons in forepaw S1 from naive mice in the awake state. Inset, example voltage response to injected 50 pA steps of current. Scale, 20 mV, 400 ms. j (Top) Overlay of individual trials, (middle) average subthreshold voltage, and (bottom) raster of action potentials from a typical neuron in response to tactile stimulus (black), paired auditory and tactile stimulus (red) and auditory stimulus (blue). Colored trace, single example trace. k Evoked action potentials in response to tactile (black), paired auditory and tactile (red), auditory (blue) and baseline (gray) ( n = 16 neurons, 5 mice; 17 trials av ) One-way ANOVA Friedman test. Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: When represented as normalized, all responses were normalised to the response to 200 Hz tactile-only stimulus. (Behavior) Only mice that reached 80% expert performance in the tactile-trials, and had <40% false alarms during Auditory-trials were included in the analysis. (Ca 2+ imaging) Custom-written MATLAB (MathWorks) software was used for analysis of Ca 2+ imaging data.

Techniques: Imaging, MANN-WHITNEY, Patch Clamp, Injection

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Auditory input enhances somatosensory encoding and tactile goal-directed behavior

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24754-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of tactile-based goal-directed behavior paradigm. Mice received a water reward if they licked in response to tactile stimulus alone (Tactile-trial; 200 Hz, 500 ms) and paired tactile and auditory stimulus (AudTac-trial). On random trials, mice were also presented with auditory stimulus alone (Auditory-trial; NoGo, 2–50 kHz; 500 ms) which was not rewarded (Correct Rejection, CR) and a time out was given if mice licked (False Alarm, FA). b Example field of view. Ca 2+ activity from the tuft dendrites of L2/3 pyramidal neurons within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was recorded during task performance. Inset, zoom of dendrite from boxed region. c (left) Color heatmap of Ca 2+ signals from an example tuft dendrite during correct HIT performance in Tactile-trials. (right) Overlay of Ca 2+ traces during Tactile-trials. Inset, zoom of evoked Ca 2+ responses. d (left) Color heatmap of Ca 2+ signals from an example tuft dendrite during correct HIT performance in AudTac-trials. (right) Overlay of Ca 2+ traces during AudTac-trials. Inset, zoom of evoked Ca 2+ responses. e Percentage of trials with evoked Ca 2+ activity during Tactile-trials (black) and AudTac-trials (red). n = 75 dendrites, 6 mice; 39 trials av ; p < 0.0001; p shuffled = 0.850; two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. f Average peak amplitude of Ca 2+ responses during AudTac-trials (red) normalized to Tactile-trials (black). n = 58 dendrites, 6 mice; p = 0.0025; two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Only dendrites with evoked Ca 2+ transients during both Tactile- and AudTac- trials are included in the analysis. g (left) Color heatmap and (right) overlay of Ca 2+ signals during Auditory-trials from the example tuft dendrite in ( a ) and ( b ). Auditory-trials are not rewarded. Inset, zoom of evoked Ca 2+ responses. h Average peak amplitude of Ca 2+ responses during Tactile-trials (black) and Auditory-trials (blue). n = 58 dendrites, 6 mice; p = 0.0025; two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Error bars represent S.E.M. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: When represented as normalized, all responses were normalised to the response to 200 Hz tactile-only stimulus. (Behavior) Only mice that reached 80% expert performance in the tactile-trials, and had <40% false alarms during Auditory-trials were included in the analysis. (Ca 2+ imaging) Custom-written MATLAB (MathWorks) software was used for analysis of Ca 2+ imaging data.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology

Article Title: Modeling Signal Transduction Leading to Synaptic Plasticity: Evaluation and Comparison of Five Models

doi: 10.1155/2011/797250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of models . Tabulated characteristics are the simulation environment and integration method, phases of long-term potentiation and long-term depression, model inputs, model outputs chosen for this study, and size of the model based on the number of different chemical species or other model variables. Used abbreviations are α -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR), calcium ion (Ca 2+ ), Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), dopamine (DA), DA- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP32), early phase LTP (E-LTP), induction (Ind.), Ca 2+ influx via NMDARs ( ), late phase LTP (L-LTP), long-term depression (LTD), long-term potentiation (LTP), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).

Article Snippet: LTP/LTD Ca 2+ , DA AMPAR 111 Hayer and Bhalla [ 2 ] MATLAB, ode23s (based on Rosenbrock) LTP/LTD Ca 2+ , cAMP, AMPAR 258 Open in a separate window Characteristics of models .

Techniques: